How the Circular Economy Is Gaining Momentum in Developing Countries

May 31, 2025

How the Circular Economy Is Gaining Momentum in Developing Countries

68%

Increase in circular economy investments in India since 2018

€100B+

Annual circular economy market in EU countries

40%

Higher recycling rates in developing nations vs 2010 levels

Key Drivers in Developing Countries:

  1. Resource Scarcity: Limited access to virgin materials forces innovation in reuse
  2. Informal Sector: Existing kabadiwala networks provide ready-made collection systems
  3. Government Policies: Bans on single-use plastics and e-waste regulations
  4. Economic Benefits: Circular models create 5-10x more jobs than linear economy
  5. Technology Leapfrogging: Mobile platforms connecting waste generators to processors

European Union

Circular Economy Action Plan includes:

  • Strict Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
  • 55% municipal waste recycling target by 2025
  • Digital Product Passports initiative

Current circularity rate: 11.7%

United States

State-led initiatives focus on:

  • Advanced recycling technologies
  • Corporate sustainability commitments
  • Construction waste diversion programs

Current circularity rate: 8.6%

India

National Resource Efficiency Policy emphasizes:

  • Plastic waste management rules
  • Vehicle scrappage policy
  • Startup India funding for circular businesses

Current circularity rate: 6.3% (but growing 2x faster than EU/US)

Click on points to see circular economy highlights

Success Stories:

India's EPR Framework

Mandated producers to collect back 30% of plastic waste by 2023, increasing to 70% by 2025

EU Battery Regulation

Requires all EV batteries to contain 12% recycled cobalt by 2030

African Plastic Pact

8 countries committed to 100% reusable/recyclable packaging by 2030

Future Outlook:

  • Developing nations projected to achieve 15-20% circularity by 2035
  • Digital platforms bridging formal/informal waste sectors
  • South-South collaboration increasing (e.g., India-Africa waste tech transfers)
  • Circular economy becoming key to climate change mitigation strategies